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UpToDate support knowledge center. Find answers to frequently asked questions in over 150 fully searchable articles. Search specific keywords or view trending articles. UpToDate customer service and support professionals are available to assist you, or search our self-service help resources for answers to frequently asked questions.Severe sepsis in adults: Rapid overview of emergency management during first hour. Table 1. Securing the airway (if indicated), correcting hypoxemia, and establishing venous access for the early administration of fluids and antibiotics are priorities in the management of patients with sepsis and septic shock [ 3,4 ].May 16, 2023 · CAUSES OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY. The main reasons for low levels of vitamin D are: Lack of vitamin D in the diet, often in conjunction with inadequate sun exposure. Reduced absorption of vitamin D from the intestines. Reduced processing of vitamin D due to kidney or liver disease. Conjunctivitis, also called "pink eye," is defined as an inflammation of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the thin membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the whites of the eyes (called the sclera) ( figure 1 ). Conjunctivitis can affect children and adults. The most common symptoms of conjunctivitis include a red eye and ...

Are you looking for accurate and up-to-date medical information? Look no further than Uptodate, a comprehensive online resource used by healthcare professionals worldwide. To begin...Although hypokalemia can be transiently induced by the entry of potassium into the cells, most cases result from unreplenished gastrointestinal or urinary losses due, for example, to vomiting, diarrhea, or diuretic therapy [ 1-3 ]. (See "Causes of hypokalemia in adults" .) Potassium replacement is primarily indicated when hypokalemia is due to ...Genital herpes is caused by infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV, usually type 2). It can also be caused by herpes simplex virus type 1, which is the cause of oral herpes (cold sores on the mouth and lips). The spread of HSV is discussed below. (See 'Genital herpes transmission and risk factors' below.)

Remember Dollar Shave Club? It's the service that delivers fresh razors to your doorstep, monthly, for a fraction of the cost of the grocery-store equivalent. They had a killer vir...To learn more about UpToDate’s patient information, contact your UpToDate Account Manager or Customer Service. Tel: Email: 1-800-998-6374 [email protected] UpToDate, Inc. | 95 Sawyer Road | Waltham, MA 02453-3471 | www.uptodate.com ©UpToDate, Inc. 12/10 SKU#000250

Acute pharyngitis is one of the most common conditions encountered in outpatient clinical practice. Most cases of acute pharyngitis are caused by respiratory viruses and are self-limited. However, symptoms of viral pharyngitis broadly overlap with pharyngitis caused by important treatable causes, such as group A Streptococcus (GAS) ( figure 1 ).Multiple antibiotic regimens have been evaluated for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) therapy [ 1-6 ]. However, few regimens have consistently achieved high eradication rates. There are also limited data on H. pylori antibiotic resistance rates to guide therapy. The treatment regimen that is selected must consider local antibiotic resistance ...In February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated the disease COVID-19, which stands for coronavirus disease 2019 [ 1 ]. The WHO declared an end to the COVID-19 global health emergency in May 2023, more than three years after its emergence. This topic will discuss the virology, epidemiology, and prevention of COVID-19.Measures to cut down on leveraged crypto trades could entice institutional buyers and make bitcoin more useful as a currency. In an effort to curb cryptocurrency speculation, finan...Display complete list of interactions for an individual item by clicking item name. Add another item to analyze for potential interactions. NOTE: This tool does not address chemical compatibility related to I.V. drug preparation or administration. View interaction detail by clicking on link (s) below.

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EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS. The history and physical examination in patients presenting with a severely elevated blood pressure (or an acute rise in blood pressure over a previously normal baseline, even if the presenting pressure is <180/120 mmHg) should determine whether any of the following are present [ 1,5 ]: Acute head …

Second dose of a 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccine for individuals 65 years and older (April 2024) In the United States, a single dose of an updated 2023-2024 formula COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for all immunocompetent adults and adolescents, regardless of prior vaccination history. In February 2024, the Centers for Disease Control …Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a painful rash caused by varicella-zoster virus (the same virus that causes chickenpox). After a person has had chickenpox, the virus continues to reside in the body, causing no symptoms. Later in life, it can become active again, causing the shingles rash. The term "shingles" comes from the Latin word ...Epilepsy is the syndrome of two or more unprovoked seizures that occur more than 24 hours apart [ 1 ]. Seizures affect people in many different ways. Seizures are disruptive in the lives of patients and can cause injury. People with epilepsy have higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity and may experience adverse psychosocial outcomes.Nov 10, 2023 · Pneumococcal vaccination is indicated for adults with risk factors for pneumococcal disease or for severe adverse outcomes should disease occur. Pneumococcal vaccination is also a routine part of infant and childhood immunization schedules worldwide. This topic will review types of pneumococcal vaccines, indications and approach to vaccine ... Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disorder that is known for disrupting the way your body uses glucose (sugar); it also causes other problems with the way your body stores and processes other forms of energy, including fat. All the cells in your body need sugar to work normally. Sugar gets into the cells with the help of a hormone called insulin.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP, also called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, immune thrombocytopenic purpura) is an acquired thrombocytopenia caused by autoantibodies against platelet antigens. It is one of the more common causes of thrombocytopenia in otherwise asymptomatic adults. Major diagnostic concerns in an …Blood pressure is reported as the systolic pressure over diastolic pressure (eg, 120/70 or "120 over 70"). Untreated high blood pressure increases the strain on the heart and arteries, eventually causing organ damage. High blood pressure increases the risk of heart failure, heart attack (myocardial infarction), stroke, and kidney failure.- Typical lab characteristics of DKA and HHS - Precipitating factors DKA and HHS - DKA rapid overview (adults) - ADA DKA HHS water deficit - Laboratory evaluation of metabolic acidosis and coma - Major causes of metabolic acidosis CALCULATORS. Calculator: Plasma sodium concentration correction for hyperglycemia in adults …Hematuria is the medical term for red blood cells in the urine. Red blood cells in the urine can come from the kidney (where urine is made) or anywhere in the urinary tract ( figure 1 ). The urinary tract includes the ureters (the tubes that carry the urine from the kidneys to the bladder), the bladder (where urine is stored), the prostate (in ...UpToDate is an online clinical resource tool for physicians and patients that provides information on various specialties and topics. Click on one of the specialties to see sections associated with each, such as Practice Changing UpDates, What's New, Patient Education, Calculators, and Drug Information. UpToDate is an online resource that helps you make informed decisions about medical care. Access the latest evidence, expert opinions, and patient education with your subscription. Intravenous thrombolysis can be administered up to 4.5 hours after symptom onset, and mechanical thrombectomy can be administered up to 24 hours after symptom onset. (See "Approach to reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke" and "Intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke: Therapeutic use" and "Mechanical …

Mar 8, 2024 · Beta-lactamases are enzymes that open the beta-lactam ring, inactivating the antibiotic. The first plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria was discovered in Greece in the 1960s. It was named TEM after the patient from whom it was isolated (Temoniera) [ 2 ]. Subsequently, a closely related enzyme was discovered and named TEM-2. Oct 25, 2023 · A table summarizing the emergency management of acute hyponatremia in adults is provided ( table 1 ). An alternative approach, recommended in by European organizations, is to treat with two 150 mL bolus infusions of 3 percent saline, each given over 20 minutes, measuring the serum sodium between infusions [ 28 ].

Oct 25, 2023 ... Outline · - Discontinuing hypertonic saline used as initial therapy · - Fluid restriction · - Other therapies for chronic hyponatremia ·...The use of any anticoagulant is associated with an increased risk of bleeding, and bleeding complications can be life-threatening. Management of bleeding in individuals who are receiving a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) can be challenging because routine coagulation tests cannot generally be used to determine the degree of …INTRODUCTION. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key gram-negative aerobic bacillus in the differential diagnosis of a number of infections. This organism is important because it is often antibiotic resistant and can cause severe hospital-acquired infections associated with a high mortality rate, especially in immunocompromised hosts.Here we discuss our approach to the adult with unexpected thrombocytopenia. This approach can be used by the primary care physician and the consulting hematologist. Separate topics discuss thrombocytopenia in other populations: Neonates – (See "Neonatal thrombocytopenia: Clinical manifestations, evaluation, and …Sep 7, 2022 · Chronic diarrhea is defined as three or more loose stools daily for at least four weeks. There are many possible causes of chronic diarrhea. Treatment is aimed at treating the underlying cause of diarrhea (whenever possible), firming up loose stools, and dealing with any complications of diarrhea. Apr 5, 2024 · INTRODUCTION. —. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical presentation of CAP varies, ranging from mild pneumonia characterized by fever and productive cough to severe pneumonia characterized by respiratory distress and sepsis. Is it postpartum depression or baby blues? It's not the same condition! These are the symptoms of postnatal depression and how to manage them. Postpartum depression is a mental hea...Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), previously known as von Recklinghausen disease, is the most common type. The hallmarks of NF1 are the multiple café-au-lait macules and associated cutaneous neurofibromas. The condition is called segmental NF1 when clinical features are limited to one area of the body due to somatic mosaicism of a …The management of bowel obstruction depends upon the etiology, severity, and location of the obstruction. The goals of initial management are to relieve discomfort and restore normal fluid volume, acid-base balance, and electrolytes. Bowel compromise (ischemia, necrosis, or perforation) and a surgically correctable cause of SBO (eg ...

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Normally during sleep, air moves in and out through the nose, throat, and lungs at a regular rhythm. In a person with sleep apnea, air movement is periodically reduced or stopped. There are two types of sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea and central (non-obstructive) sleep apnea; some forms of apnea involve both types (a “mixed” apnea).

CULLEN SMALL CAP VALUE FUND CLASS I- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksSign in with Microsoft. Sign in with Open Athens. Sign in Another Way. If your organization permits Single Sign-On (SSO) for UpToDate, you may use your email address here.INTRODUCTION. —. Status epilepticus is a medical and neurologic emergency that requires prompt evaluation and treatment. The rapid evaluation and treatment of convulsive status epilepticus is discussed below. The definition, classification, clinical features, and diagnosis of convulsive status epilepticus in adults are reviewed …Moved Permanently. The document has moved here.The judgment could add to the debate over marital rape in India. India’s supreme court has marked a big step forward in the fight against the sexual exploitation of minors. In a la...Estrogen is an appropriate treatment for prevention of osteoporosis in young women whose ovaries do not make estrogen. This treatment may be given as a skin patch or orally, such as in the form of birth control pills. (See "Patient education: Absent or irregular periods (Beyond the Basics)" .)Vaginitis is the general term for disorders of the vagina caused by infection, inflammation, or changes in the normal vaginal flora. Symptoms include abnormal vaginal discharge, odor, pruritus, and/or discomfort. The initial evaluation typically consists of a history, physical examination, and tests for specific infections, including sexually ...Acute pancreatitis refers to inflammation of the pancreas, causing sudden and severe abdominal pain. The pancreas is an organ that lies in the back of the mid-abdomen ( figure 1 ). It produces digestive juices and certain hormones, including insulin. Pancreatitis usually develops as a result of gallstones or moderate to heavy alcohol ...An overview of the approach to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women will be presented here. The diagnosis and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and the management of osteoporosis in other patient groups are discussed separately. (See "Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and …

Licensed to: UpToDate Marketing Professional Support Tag : [0602 - 104.224.13.115 - E553BA549D - PR14 - UPT - 20240416-14:45:43UTC] - SM - MD - LG - XL LoadingMoved Permanently. The document has moved here.Other manifestations include lower abdominal pain and cramping, low-grade fever, nausea, and anorexia [ 2,5 ]. Diarrhea may be associated with mucus or occult blood, but melena or hematochezia are rare. Fever is associated with CDI in about 15 percent of cases; temperature >38.5°C may occur in the setting of nonsevere or severe CDI.Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine Dr. Mary Catherine Beach, professor in the Division of General Internal Medicine, ...Instagram:https://instagram. erika flores actress Mar 20, 2024 · Acute pancreatitis should be suspected in patients with severe acute upper abdominal pain but requires biochemical or radiologic evidence to establish the diagnosis. This topic will review the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The etiology, pathogenesis, assessment of severity, and management of acute pancreatitis are ... Disclaimer: This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. mythical legends Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a clinical radiographic syndrome of heterogeneous etiologies that are grouped together because of similar findings on neuroimaging studies. It is also often referred to as: To continue reading this article, you must sign in with your personal, hospital, or group practice subscription ... free autoclicker What's New. Our editors select a small number of the most important updates and share them with you via What's New. See these updates by clicking on the specialty you are interested in below. You may also enter "What's new" in the search box. Find Out What's New In: sportshub streams Janie asks, “Can hollow core doors be shaved off at the top like solid wood doors?”Hollow core doors typically have about one inch of solid wood at the top and bottom, so you shoul... ga tech game INTRODUCTION. —. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical presentation of CAP varies, ranging from mild pneumonia characterized by fever and productive cough to severe pneumonia characterized by respiratory distress and sepsis.Enterococcal species can cause a variety of infections, including urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis. The antimicrobial agents available for treatment of enterococcal infection are reviewed here, followed by treatment approaches for clinical syndromes caused by enterococci. Other issues related to enterococci are ... paychec flex Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disorder that is known for disrupting the way your body uses glucose (sugar); it also causes other problems with the way your body stores and processes other forms of energy, including fat. All the cells in your body need sugar to work normally. Sugar gets into the cells with the help of a hormone called insulin.Dec 11, 2023 · Patient level information — UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials. The Basics — The Basics patient education pieces answer the four or five key questions a patient might have about a given condition. These articles are best for patients who want a general overview and who prefer short, easy-to-read materials. number of the street If your organization permits Single Sign-On (SSO) for UpToDate, you may use your email address here. If not, please enter your Username. Close Subscribe. Subscribe. UpToDate offers a number of subscriptions and add-on products, allowing you to have the most up-to-date information and improve patient care. About Us ...Access clinical decision support on-the-go with UpToDate's mobile app. Get evidence-based answers to your medical questions anytime, anywhere. Learn more today. dtw to hnl Acute pharyngitis is one of the most common conditions encountered in outpatient clinical practice. Most cases of acute pharyngitis are caused by respiratory viruses and are self-limited. However, symptoms of viral pharyngitis broadly overlap with pharyngitis caused by important treatable causes, such as group A Streptococcus (GAS) ( figure 1 ). coyote animal sounds "I want African realities to be explored by Africans." Chimamanda Adichie is vocal about many things and African literature ranks highly on that list. The Nigerian author, in a vid...For over 30 years, clinicians around the world have trusted the evidence-based content in the UpToDate® clinical decision support (CDS) system to help make crucial care decisions when it matters most. Founded by clinicians for clinicians, and backed by an expert editorial team in over 25 specialties, UpToDate provides the latest medical ... lauderdale to orlando Licensed to: UpToDate Marketing Professional Support Tag : [0602 - 207.46.13.154 - FBF59F1322 - PR14 - UPT - 20240510-02:21:15UTC] - SM - MD - LG - XL Loading where can you watch trolls 3 This generally includes an acute change in one or more of the following cardinal symptoms: Cough increases in frequency and severity. Sputum production increases in volume and/or changes character. Dyspnea increases. The management of patients with exacerbations of COPD is discussed here. A table to assist with emergency …Management of insomnia requires a stepwise approach, beginning with attempts to eliminate, or at least minimize, the multiple contributing factors and comorbid illnesses that can interfere with optimal sleep. Insomnia often responds only partially to treatment of sleep-impairing influences, however, and many patients require treatment …UpToDate contributors generally avoid use of NSAIDs, or use them with particular caution and at reduced doses, in older adults and patients (regardless of age) with existing or increased risk for cardiovascular, GI, or kidney disease. Concurrent gastroprotection (eg, a proton pump inhibitor) may be warranted.